雅思作文语法。雅思作文作为雅考虑试的一部分,不少同学都感觉复习与否好像成效不大,其实不然,老师告诉大伙雅思作文相比较其他题型而言更容易得分并且得高分,这其中需要大伙关注的就是怎么样在雅思作文中出新出彩,提及这点不能不说说雅考虑试中写作中可以运用的语法常识。
雅思作文语法一
1、状语前置 状语前置就是把一个修饰动词的状语结构,如介词短语,分词形式或动词不定式引导的短语放到句首、雅思写作中状语前置是非常拿分的句式,不过不少考生都没意识到这一点。请看下面从剑桥提供的范本中节选的句子:
1) Like self-awareness, this is also very difficult to achieve, but I think these are the two factors that may be the most important for achieving happiness.
2) Throughout the century, the largest quantity of water was used for agricultural purposes.
3) With a population of 176 million, the figures for Brazil indicate how high agricultural water consumption can be in some countries.
用状语前置的较大优点是让单调的句子有了跳跃的步伐感、考官一天看上百张考卷,看到如此的句子也会心情愉悦。
2、插入语此种语法结构是可以理解为是状语前置的另一种变体,它将状语结构提到了主句的主语和谓语之间、插入语也是相对地道的英语表达办法、请看以下几例:
1) Universities, when it is functioning well, should offer both theoretical knowledge as well as professional training.
2) So overall, I believe that, attending school from a young age is good for most children.
插入语的功能和状语前置基本相似,都能使句子更有跳跃感和地道。
3、倒装句这种语法现象相信不少学员都学过,即把谓语提前到主语之前,用在作文中比较新颖。大家先来看以下几个例子:
1) The parents should spend time on their children, they should also communicate with them.
2) We can never lose sight of the significance of education.
以上两句话都没任何错误,但读来很平淡,没任何特点,假如大家用倒装句,出来的成效就完全不同了。
1) Not only should parents spend time on their children, they are also advised to interact with them.
2) On no account / by no means / in no way can we lose sight of the significance of education.
雅思作文语法二
雅考虑试中的写作,一直是不少同学的一个痛处。第一是不了解写什么:自己没那样多生活阅历,全无落笔思路。直到老师给了思路,或者在书本、互联网上读到不少例文,才大概知道应该怎么样下笔,应从什么角度审题出发。
原本以为,掌握审题,有了思路,终于可以安静地落笔了,哪个知千头万绪涌上心头,这里应该用单三,那里应该用复数……各种各样的需要注意的地方,完全hold不住哇,还能否和小伙伴一块去留学Emma女神的母校?还有没机会去看腐国的地铁小帅哥了?!
在备考雅思的过程中,作为功能课的语法,多多少少会被忽略。不像听说读写,可以完完全全在课程体系中显示出来,有没进步看成绩单就了解了。语法的学习是一种“打底课”,不少考生自己复习的过程中,知道自己语法不好,句子剖析不了解,也写不知道。想要复习,但不知道从何而起;不复习,又真的分不清听力啰嗦了些什么,阅读长句哪儿是主谓,口语也不了解考官是否会误解人家的意思,作文……哎,还是不说了。
所以不复习是一定不可以的,所以本文以求可以总结VIP教学过程中,1对1学员常常犯的错误,比较有针对性,实例剖析,更一阵见血。笔者承认,语法要点涉及的地方错中复杂,多且繁复,但乱中有序。本文主要列举在“动词”这一板块的主要问题,以备同学们在找不到语法学习重点的时候查阅。假如发现文中总结到得要点,还有不清楚,或者没了解的地方,分分钟翻书查询,或者跟老师请教!
说到动词的形式,一共有5种:动词原形,不定式,目前分词,过去式,过去分词。这五种结构,分类明确,各有用处。对于不懂事的语法盲们,快醒醒!下面就来总结一下这五种形态的用处。
△动词原形,就是大家在单词表中见到的词条最基本的呈现形式,比如study,不经过任何变化。动词原形在雅考虑试中,常常会用在以下几个地方:
①最普通的一般目前时句子中;
②情态动词结构中;
③有助动词的结构中;
④感官动词句型中;
⑤祈使句结构中。
△不定式,这种结构的名字就非常悬疑,不过叫什么只不过一个代号,大家更关注它的使用方法,很多同学舍本逐末,看到名字不知所云,就感觉此事略高档,太难!万万想不到,其使用方法,无非以下几种:
①在多动词“连动”的状况下,只允许一个谓语动词,其他动词可用此式;
②表示将要和不确定的事情或动作;
③做名词性结构--主语、宾语、表语等;
④非谓语结构中表目的;
⑤表其他种类状语。
△目前分词结构,其实就是组成目前进行时的基本单位,当然用途不只限于此:
①构成各类进行时态;
②做名词性结构--主语、宾语、表语等;
③表示主动、在进行的动作;
④做非谓语中的随着状语。
△过去式,使用方法只有一个,过去时态中,做谓语结构。
△过去分词,因为它跟过去式太过相像,不少词语的过去式和过去分词甚至就是一个词,所以在列举这种形式的要素之前,需要考生先好好研究一下过去式和过去分词的变化不同,同时,知道过去分词的变化特征,并且记背下来。其使用方法较前几种愈加集中、系统:
①构成完成时态的必要成分;
②构成被动语态的必要成分;
③非谓语结构中表示完成、被动。
这样大全之后,大家列举出几个重点的问题和常犯了错误误:
情态动词不可乱用,注意不同情态动词的不同语气。比如may和might,并且要扩充学习probably,perhaps等副词近义词的替换和比较。
区别动词过去式和过去分词的变化形式,由于有的动词,这两种形式很像,所以大概产生混用的状况,而且不少常用词语的过去式和过去分词都是不规则变化,需用心记忆。
动词的类型不少,情态动词,助动词,实意动词,系动词等等,并非所有些动词形式都有本问所说的五种形式,只有系动词和实意动词有五种形式所有变化。
过去分词和目前分词结构可以单拿出来,当做不完整的句子变成悬垂结构,形成表意明确,但结构又简洁的成分,即为大伙熟悉的非谓语结构,但应该注意:该结构也有时态的问题!譬如:
Being busy all the morning, Jim still felt so energetic.
Having been busy all the morning, Jim still felt so energetic.
动词的变化形式虽然多,但最多用的,无非就在列表中那些,假如发现这类列表要点消化得很好了,日后则可以进入本文系列宝典进行学习了。
雅思作文语法三
雅思写作语法致命伤1. 双谓语错句
Therebe句型是双谓语错句高发句型,由于句中的be动词已经是谓语,而句子后面的动词一般是定语从句中的成分,故不可以作为主句中的谓语。例句中同时出现了“were”和“study”,依据上面的剖析,were应该是谓语,而studyfor career应该是定语从句,因此,例句应修正改成:
For those under 26, there were 80% students who studied for career. 或者Forthose under 26, there were 80% students studying for career.
又如:Causes for this phenomenon are comprehensive but the major reasonscontribute to this problem can be identified from three perspectives.应改成:
Causes for this phenomenon are comprehensive but the major reasonscontributing/which contribute to this problem can be identified from threeperspectives.
雅思写作语法致命伤2. 句子不完整
e.g. The most popular kind of transport was by road.
句中主语是the most popular kind of transport,谓语动词是was, 而byroad根据语法应该是方法状语,此句缺少表语。应改成:
The most popular kind of transport was road.
又如:Many factories in order to get more profits, which made waste water andwaste gas.
去除目的状语“in order to get more profits”和非限制性定语从句“which made waste water andwaste gas”, 剩下的是many factories, 不可以作为一个句子。依据此句想表达的意思,应改为:
Many factories in order to get more profits made waste water and wastegas.
雅思写作语法致命伤3. 主系表结构用错误
e.g. We are impossible to make any progress without correcting themistakes.
此句的主干结构是:we are impossible“大家是不可能”,表意不对。这种表达在英语中对应的句型是:It is…for…to…,所以应该改成:
It is impossible for us to make any progress without correcting themistakes.
类似的错误例句还有:People are very convenient to get information on the Internet.His profession is a teacher.
雅思写作语法致命伤4. 情态动词后的动词原形和动名词的用法出错
e.g. Another equally vital point to be considered is that building them maycosplayts much money and energy.
这种错误可能是笔误,在雅思作文中偶尔出现不至于扣分,但通篇都是如此的错误,那样一定是有影响的。
e.g. Another point to be discussed is that more time spending on computersis harmful to children’s mental health.
“花更多时间在电脑上”这个动词短语作为主语应该要用动名词形式:
Another point to be discussed is that spending more time on computers isharmful to children’s mental health.
雅思写作语法致命伤5. 标点符号用错
e.g. As far as I am concerned, people should take exercise and relaxthemselves on a weekly basis. Because it offers great opportunities to releasetheir stress.
Because引导的句子做缘由状语从句,既然是从句,那样前面就不应该用句号使其独立成句,而应该改成逗号,because首字母小写。
雅思写作语法致命伤6. 词性用错误
e.g. One possible solution is using the new energy to instead of thetraditional energy.
Instead of是介词,而这里构成to do,只可以用动词。因此,可改为:
One possible solution is using the new energy to replace the traditionalenergy.
e.g. Nowadays, some students study many subjects in university, which leadsto that they suffer great mental pressure.
Lead to中to是介词,后面不可以直接加句子,因此可在leads to后加一名词,构成同位语从句:
Nowadays, some students study many subjects in university, which leads tothe fact that they suffer great mental pressure. 或Nowadays, some students studymany subjects in university, which makes them suffer great mental pressure.
雅思写作语法致命伤7. 从句的误用和滥用
e.g. The reason why I assert it is necessary for government to providebetter education and health care for rural areas because it can ensure allcitizens to have access to them.
“why…rural areas”在句中作the reason的定语,固定句式“the reason why…isthat…”why引导的定语从句和that引导的表语从句连用,气势磅礴,这就是所谓的高分句型。
e.g. In this essay, I will discuss what those, who are two kinds of peoplein this TOPic, are how to think and how to choose. 实再迂回婉转,不知所云。
除去上面所列其中7类语法错误状况以外,容易见到的雅思写作语法错误还包含:主谓一致,时态,特殊句型用错误与逻辑问题等。
雅思作文语法四
偏差1、万能的写作模板,请赐给我百战百胜的力量!
在高级语法的课堂上我发现了一个很有趣的现象。备考期间,很多烤鸭都会捧着一本雅思写作书,开始乐此不疲地背写作模板,而且常常是不明就里、囫囵吞枣地背。关于用写作模板的利弊,笔者并不想在此进行探究,只想建议那些正在背写作模板的烤鸭们,必须要先剖析模板的语法结构再行记忆。比如,TASK2首段引出作者看法时,有一个模板句型"I cannot oppose the opinion that+看法"可以套用。该句型用cannot 与oppose的双重否定加大语气,同时oppose与opinion都以"o"开头,第三起到强调用途。
然而,疏于对模板语法结构的剖析,很多烤鸭在背诵时只记得双重否定和相同词头"o",却忽略了这句话本身是一个宾语从句,常常将此句误写成I cannot opposite the opinion that...导致谓语词性不当。还是引出看法,有一个双重否定句型"No one can deny the fact that+看法"也可套用。可学生们光顾着背句型,却不了解that之后引导的是一个同位语从句,故而在补充看法时常常出现句子成分残缺等语法错误。对于写作模板,笔者并不反对用,但需要强调的是,既然选择用,就肯定用到位。将模版分解,确定每一个句型内含的语法结构,才能防止依葫芦画瓢又画得四不像的尴尬境地。
偏差2、深奥的长难句,我语不惊人死不休!
以上说的是一些雅思菜鸟们盲目背诵写作模板,忽略高级语法剖析而导致的失误,这里笔者将要讲解部分语法大神们可能出现的问题。为了让他们的文章可以夺人眼球,这类大神们总是想方设法用各种语法结构,往文章里砸长难句。一句话由四五个小句构成,看着都叫人冷汗直淌,更不要说是理解文意了。而且,在考场的高压环境下,长难句越多,就越大概出现语法错误,最后反而得不偿失。事实上,借助语法将文章"装饰"得impressive绝对可行,但并非疯狂用长难句,而是用语法丰富文章句型,进而让整篇文章看起来干练而轻巧。以《剑八》TEST1 TASK1考官给出的范本为例,短短150字的文章,光是数字列举,就运用了四种手法。
第一种是直接用简单句进行列举,如A further 28% of global degradation is due to over-cultivation of crops.
第二种是用with独立主格结构进行补充说明,如These causes affected different regions differently in the 1990s, with Europe having as much as 9.8% of degradation due to deforestation.
第三种是用目前分词作随着状语进行补充说明,如Globally, 65% of degradation is caused by too much animal grazing and tree clearance, constituting 35% and 30% respectively. 第四种则直接在括号中注明,如North America had a lower proportion of degraded land at only 5%, and the main causes of this were over-cultivation and, to lesser extent, over-grazing .
再譬如雅思有一个经典作文题:Should capital punishment be a major deterrent to crime? 很多烤鸭在写此文章时都会提到如此一个看法,事实证明社会关注应该放在罪犯改造上,而非罪犯惩戒上。仅表述前半句话,运用不一样的语法常识,就能写出不一样的句型。
如主语从句,It is proved that emphasis should be placed on the reform of criminals. 宾语从句,Cases have shown that emphasis should be placed on the reform of criminals. 同位语从句,There is much evidence that emphasis should be placed on the reform of criminals. 强调句, It is the reform of criminals that emphasis should be placed on. 这样来看,熟练学会语法常识,可以帮助烤鸭们灵活表达文章看法。句式多样,写作分数自然有所提升。
总之,准确用语法是叩开雅思写作高分之门的重点。不止是雅思,其它海外考试,如托福、GRE等也是这样。遗憾的是,目前各大培训机构的海外考试辅导,都是以听、说、读、写分板块进行,考生们非常难同意系统的语法常识学习。对语法常识不够自信的同学,可以尝试参加综合能力部综合能力拔高及语法单项的学习,在这里,老师们看重培养同学们的"语法应用能力",并将语法与考试试题相结合,先了解了原理再来用,指导学生们进行实战训练。Please remember grammar is basic to English.